What is Autism?

Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental  condition  with differences in communication, social interaction and behaviour. Individuals with autism may experience differences in language development, social engagement, and sensory processing. They may also have strong interests and unique ways of learning and understanding the world. With the right support and accommodations, individuals with autism can thrive in ways that align with their strengths and needs.

Recognizing early signs of Autism

Every child develops at their own pace, and Autism presents differently in each individual. Some early signs of Autism  may include:

• The child may not be able to make eye contact
•  The child may have delayed language development
• May have difficulty making and maintaining social connections
• May  engage in repetitive movements or  behaviours

If you notice these signs in your child and would like to understand them better, a professional assessment can provide valuable insights. Autism is not something to be “fixed”, it is a different way of being.

Related Article: Early Signs of Autism in Children upto 5 Years of Age 

Supporting a child with Autism

 Research shows that Autism is  caused by a combination of genetic and  environmental factors. It is not a result of “bad” parenting. While there is no “cure” for autism, early support and accommodations can help children with autism thrive.

A collaborative approach involving parents, therapists, and educators can be helpful in:

• Adapting environments to support sensory and learning needs
• Encouraging communication in a way that feels natural to the child
• Building routines that provide predictability and comfort
• Fostering self-regulation and emotional well-being

Evidence-based therapies and support

Children with Autism benefit from individualized support based on their unique needs. Some effective approaches include:

• Speech and Language Therapy (SLT): Supports communication in ways that work best for the child, whether verbal, non-verbal, or through alternative communication methods.
• Behavior and Developmental Models: Encourages positive interactions and builds self-regulation skills.
  • Denver Model, Relationship Development Intervention (RDI), Responsive Teaching (RT)
  • TEACCH Method (Structured Learning)
• Pictorial Exchange Communication System (PECS): Uses visual support to enhance communication.
• Occupational Therapy (OT): Helps develop motor skills and supports daily activities based on sensory needs.

The importance of early support

Autism is a lifelong condition.  It doesn’t need to be “treated” or “fixed” but accepted and supported. With the right support and accommodations, individuals with Autism can become independent and lead meaningful and fulfilling lives.

If you’re navigating Autism as a parent or caregiver, know that support is available. Building a community, accessing resources, and advocating for your child’s needs can make a meaningful difference.

This fact sheet provides insights into Autism, including early signs, possible causes, diagnosis, and available support options for families.

Related Article: Concerns about Autism & child development – Nayi Disha

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Ajay Sharma, a consultant Neuro-developmental Pediatrician, for providing expert advice and guidance in the preparation of this autism fact sheet. Additionally, we would like to thank our volunteer Sailaja Tadimeti for taking the time and effort to translate this content from English to Telugu.

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Autism is not a limitation – it is a different way of being. Embracing neurodiversity leads to a more inclusive and understanding world.